Data-enhanced variational Monte Carlo for Rydberg atom arrays

Rydberg atom arrays are programmable quantum simulators capable of preparing interacting qubit systems in a variety of quantum states. However, long experimental state preparation times limit the amount of measurement data that can be generated at reasonable timescales, posing a challenge for the reconstruction and characterization of quantum states. Over the last years, neural networks have been explored as a powerful and systematically tuneable ansatz to represent quantum wavefunctions. These models can be efficiently trained from projective measurement data or through Hamiltonian-guided variational Monte Carlo. In this talk, I will compare the data-driven and Hamiltonian-driven training procedures to reconstruct ground states of two-dimensional Rydberg atom arrays. I will discuss the limitations of both approaches and demonstrate how pretraining on a small amount of measurement data can significantly reduce the convergence time for a subsequent variational optimization of the wavefunction.